Analysis of the Lora Wan structure and advantages of it over traditional iot networks

Abstract

In this article, we discuss traditional iot networks, the technologies behind them, and their structure. Our main goal here is to focus on Lora wireless technologies and explore their advantages and application areas. A detailed structural overview of Lora WAN networks is provided, and comparisons are made with traditional networks. Key elements of the system, such asLora nodes and gateways, were examined, and we provided the best possible connection diagrams throughout the material. Network bandwidth, security, energy efficiency, cost, and transmission speed characteristics of LPWAN were also analyzed. Range, transfer speed, topology, and band comparisons of Lora technology with Bluetooth Low Energy, Wi-Fi, LTE networks, Z-Wave, and zigbee were shown. We describe the Lora hardware structure, including the physical, MAC, and application layers, and provide a diagram that demonstrates the communication process. Although the Lora WAN protocol needs to be developed in terms of security, we foresee that it will continue to become widespread and that its place in our lives will gradually increase. According to the research conducted by multiple tests, the Lora WAN protocol is not yet fully secure and can be risky when sending critical information and using it in critical systems, but the risk of these vulnerabilities and attacks can be reduced with the precautions and suggestions presented in this study.