LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF POLYMER MATRIX PRODUCTION OF NANO-ZNO ANTIMICROBIAL PACKAGING MATERIALS

Abstract

Petroleum-based polymers offer beneficial packaging properties, but their environmental impact necessitates a shift to bio-based alternatives. The study analyzes the “cradle-to-gate” life cycle assessment (LCA) of polymer matrices of ZnO nanoparticles/low-density polyethylene (LDPE), ZnO nanoparticles/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and ZnO nanoparticles/polylactic acid (PLA). Results indicate that PLA produced from renewable biomass requires more water consumption than LDPE and EVA produced from petroleum feedstocks. PLA production's dependence on water-intensive agricultural processes contributes to its water footprint. In addition, a comparative analysis of energy demand showed that the production of LDPE and EVA is significantly dependent on non-renewable fossil energy sources, while the production of PLA is more dependent on renewable biomass and alternative energy sources. Findings from environmental impact categories such as eutrophication, global warming potential, and ecotoxicity highlight the various environmental concerns associated with PLA and the need for sustainable production methods. The study highlights the importance of LCA when selecting materials for future manufacturing, advocating the use of polymers with a lower environmental impact.